![]() ![]() The power and efficiency of the module were improved by refining several parameters, such as number of busbars, size of the contact pads, interconnected ribbon width, thickness of the core, and distance between the solar cells and strings, to obtain the maximum efficiency of 21.09% the CTM efficiency achieved was 94.19% for the proposed strategy related to the common interconnection setup of the ribbon-based system. Optimization was performed to inspect and augment the gain and loss parameters for the 60-cell PV module. The cell-to-module (CTM) losses and gains varied substantially during the various simulation iterations. The measurement time is around 1/32 of the traditional method.Ī 60-cell photovoltaic (PV) module was analyzed by optimizing the interconnection parameters of the solar cells to enhance the efficiency and increase the power of the PV module setup. The advantage is for testing on different test areas within a single device. Our system provided a lower uncertainty than the traditional method. It showed that the mean absolute error was 1.27. Analysis results of the non-uniformity obtained from our system on the test areas of (mm×mm) 156×156, 166×166 and 200×200 compared with the single detector. The results showed that the array detector scanned at a speed of 33.33 mm/s to obtain the non-uniformity with the lowest uncertainty, less than 0.6%. A microcontroller applied for controling and measuring light irradiance in 64 points corresponding to IEC 60904-9 standard. To investigate the non-uniformity by our proposed method and the traditional method, our detector consisted of eight photodiodes mounted on an arm of a linear motion lead screw to guide the detector scaning onto the lighting area. The paper’s objective is to design and construct an array detector scanning system and to determine the optimal scanning time to achieve the lowest uncertainty. The traditional non-uniformity measurement calls single detector method. The non-uniformity is its major performance. ![]() Solar simulator is used to analysis characteristic of the solar cells. The use of large area full cells should be avoided due to significant CTM-losses. Splitting of solar cells provides significant benefits for larger solar cells (up to +9.1%). We find modules with M12 solar cells to have the highest power density (W/m²) of all analyzed setups. The impact of irradiance on power output is also relatively smaller. Modules with smaller or split solar cells perform relatively better at higher irradiance. ![]() The size of the solar cell has a significant impact on the module operation. Also, split cell modules are cooler than full cell modules (up to-1.4 K). We calculate the module temperature and find modules with smaller solar cells to be cooler (up to-2.8 K). For full cells significant electrical losses in the solar cell interconnection overcompensate higher active area shares and reduce module efficiency. Module efficiency increases with cell size if the cells are split (up to +1.1% abs). The CTM power-ratio decreases for larger cells (-5% abs) and is higher for split solar cells than for full cells (up to +7.7% abs). We find the modules with larger cells to have a higher module power than modules with smaller cells (up to +77%). Solar cells from M0 (156.75 mm) to M12 (210 mm) as well as full cells, half and third cut module designs are analyzed for Standard Testing Conditions (STC) and non-STC. ![]() We analyze the impact of larger solar cells and cell splitting on module power, efficiency and single gain and loss factors using Cell-To-Module (CTM) analysis. ![]()
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